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Melanin

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Basic Information

  • Chemical nature: Melanin is a biological pigment, a polymer formed by the chemical reactions of tyrosine or 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine, belonging to the indolequinone class of substances. It has a complex chemical structure and is usually composed of different proportions of eumelanin and pheomelanin.

  • Appearance: Typically black or dark brown amorphous powder or granular material, insoluble in water and most organic solvents.


Characteristics

  • Stability: Melanin has good chemical stability, able to resist the decomposition and destruction of some chemicals, relatively stable under different environmental conditions, but may undergo structural changes and fading under the action of strong oxidants.

  • Light absorption properties: Melanin has strong light absorption capabilities, especially for ultraviolet light, effectively converting light energy into heat energy to protect organisms from UV damage.

  • Antioxidant activity: Melanin has certain antioxidant capabilities, can eliminate free radicals in the body, reducing oxidative stress damage to cells and tissues.


Applications

  • Cosmetics industry: Utilizing the light absorption properties of melanin, it can be added to sunscreen and other cosmetics to enhance protection against UV rays. Additionally, it can be used in hair dye products to achieve black or brown hair dye effects.

  • Biomedical field: Due to its antioxidant and photothermal conversion properties, melanin has potential applications in drug delivery, photothermal therapy, and bioimaging. For example, combining melanin with drugs for targeted drug delivery or using its photothermal effect under near-infrared light for photothermal therapy of diseases like tumors.

  • Other fields: In some electronic materials, optical materials, etc., melanin or its modified materials are also explored for applications, such as preparing thin film materials with special optical properties.


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